An improved NSGA-III algorithm based on elimination operator for many-objective optimization

Due to the low selection pressure of the Pareto-dominance relation and the ineffectivity of diversity maintenance schemes in the environmental selection, the classical Pareto-dominance based multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) fail to handle many-objective optimization problems. The recently presented non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III) employs the uniformly distributed reference points to significantly promote population diversity, but the convergence based on the Pareto-dominance relation could still be enhanced. For this purpose, an improved NSGA-III algorithm based on elimination operator (NSGA-III-EO) is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, the elimination operator first identifies the reference point with maximum niche count and then employs the penalty-based boundary intersection distance to rank the individuals associated with it. To this end, the selection scheme is used to remove the worse individuals rather than to select the superior individuals. The proposed NSGA-III-EO is tested on a number of well-known benchmark problems with up to fifteen objectives and shows the competitive performance compared with five state-of-the-art MOEAs. Additionally, it is also tested on constrained problems having a large number of objectives and shows good performance.     

Sigma-1 Receptor Agonist TS-157 Improves Motor Functional Recovery by Promoting Neurite Outgrowth and pERK in Rats with Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Sigma-1 (σ-1) receptor agonists are considered as potential treatment for stroke. TS-157 is an alkoxyisoxazole-based σ-1 receptor agonist previously discovered in our group. The present study describes TS-157 profile in a battery of tests for cerebral ischemia. Initial evaluation demonstrated the compound’s safety profile and blood–brain barrier permeability, as well as its ability to induce neurite outgrowth in vitro. The neurite outgrowth was shown to be mediated via σ-1 receptor agonism and involves upregulation of ERK phosphorylation (pERK). In particular, TS-157 also significantly accelerated the recovery of motor function in rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Overall, the results herein support the notion that σ-1 receptor agonists are potential therapeutics for stroke and further animal efficacy studies are warranted.     

Design,synthesis, and insecticidal activities of novel diamide derivatives with alpha-amino acid subunits

A series of diamide derivatives containing α-amino acids were designed and synthesized. These compounds were evaluated for their insecticidal activities against Plutella xylostella, Mythimna separate, Myzus persicae, and Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Most of the title compounds containing an l -phenylglycine skeleton were endowed with good activities at the concentration of 500 mg·L⁻¹. Compounds ( R)-A6 showed a potential value for further optimization as an insecticidal lead with the LC₅₀ value of 86.8 mg·L⁻¹.     

新型PTP 1B抑制剂喹啉腙及酰腙化合物的合成与活性研究

喹啉腙及喹啉酰腙类化合物具有广泛的生物活性。本文设计合成了29个未见报道的4-(2-芳基)喹啉芳腙和芳酰腙类化合物,采用光吸收检测法测试所合成化合物对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶PTP 1B的抑制作用。结果表明,喹啉腙类化合物对PTP 1B具有显著的酶抑制作用,在20μg/mL浓度时,有21个化合物对PTP 1B抑制率在80%以上,其中化合物6q的活性(97.98%)最高。因此,这些化合物具有潜在的调节新陈代谢活性,为发展新的抗糖尿病、抗肿瘤药物提供了一定的研究基础。     

BTA在铜表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

本文基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理研究了苯并三氮唑(BTA)分子吸附于铜表面的反应活性特征及其吸附在三种不同取向晶面时的电荷转移以及成键情况,结果表明：BTA分子的亲电和亲核活性中心为N(1)、N(2)和C(5),在铜表面垂直吸附时为化学吸附,Cu原子的最外层价电子转移到N(2)原子上,两者形成配位键;BTA分子在三种不同取向的铜表面吸附时的吸附能大小为：Cu(110)_x>Cu(100)_x>Cu(111)_x(x=T、B、H),T表示顶位,B表示桥位,H表示空位;BTA吸附在Cu(111)面的转移电荷量：T(顶位)>B(桥位)>H(空位).     

Gamma spectrum analysis for in situ automatic monitoring of radioactivity in seawater

The NaI(Tl) detector has been an important research topic and application in the field of in situ marine radioactive automatic monitoring because of its advantages of low power consumption, low cost, and good efficiency. However, its energy resolution is not high enough. This paper investigated an analytical method: spectrum de-noising, background correction based on the SNIP operator, peak search based on the top-hat transform and peak fitting using Gaussian distribution. Simulation and gamma spectra measured from seawater showed that the established energy spectrum analysis method presents satisfactory automatic analytical ability for identification and quantitatively analysis.

     

酸性电解水过程中氧析出反应的机理及铱基催化剂的研究进展北大核心CSCD

可持续能源的迅速发展,使绿色清洁的氢能源成为热点。质子交换膜(PEM)水电解是一项很有前途的技术,可高效生产高纯度氢气。IrO_(2)作为质子交换膜(PEM)水电解槽阳极氧析出反应(OER)的商用电催化剂,既能在强酸性、高强度腐蚀条件下保持稳定,又表现出优异的催化性能。然而,由于Ir的稀缺性和昂贵的价格,提高Ir基催化剂的OER活性,开发低Ir催化剂就显得至关重要。对其反应机理的认知是当前的研究热点之一,也是设计优异的OER催化剂的关键所在。因此,首先从OER机理出发,对目前被广泛认可的吸附物逸出机理(AEM)和晶格氧逸出机理(LOER)两种反应机理进行了研究。随后,根据所提出的这两种机理,介绍了OER催化剂设计的基本准则,即调控Ir基催化剂的电子结构,改善反应中间物种在催化活性位点上的吸附能,从而提高OER催化活性。并从催化剂的结构设计、形貌控制、载体材料3个方面简单概述了最近OER催化剂的研究进展。最后,在已有研究的基础上,提出了目前OER催化剂面临的困难与挑战,这为以后相关的研究指明了方向。     

三维还原氧化石墨烯/β-环糊精复合物的合成及其电化学检测水中左氧氟沙星北大核心CSCD

成功构筑了β-环糊精修饰的三维还原氧化石墨烯复合材料(3D-rGO/β-CD),并对该复合材料进行扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱、热重分析和拉曼光谱分析等一系列的表征,分析了其形貌和结构的特征。进一步将其修饰到玻碳电极(GCE)表面,构建了一种新型电化学传感器(3D-rGO/β-CD/GCE)。利用3D-rGO/β-CD/GCE电化学传感器,通过微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对左氧氟沙星(LEV)进行了检测。其中,具有多孔结构的三维还原氧化石墨烯具有优异的导电性能、比表面积大、化学稳定性好等优良的性质,而修饰的β-环糊精能在其环形腔内与客体分子结合形成超分子包合物,进而可以对LEV进行有效识别。研究结果显示,在最优实验条件下,3D-rGO/β-CD/GCE对左氧氟沙星的检测具有较宽的线性范围(1~150μmol/L),且检测限可达0.33μmol/L,同时该修饰电极还表现出良好的选择性和稳定性。此外,成功将其应用于实际水样中LEV的检测,表明该传感器具有一定的应用潜力。     

单原子分散的Ir-N-C燃料电池阳极抗中毒催化剂

燃料电池的阳极抗中毒研究是重要课题,探索具有超高质量活性和抗CO毒化的阳极催化剂具有显著的科学意义和应用价值。本文成功制备了Ir原子级别分散在N掺杂碳的载体上的新催化剂,并且发现该Ir-N-C对甲酸具有良好的电催化氧化性能,其质量比活性为商业Pd/C的48倍。组装了燃料电池单电池进行测试,结果显示,Ir-N-C催化剂在单电池中的质量比功率密度高达281 mW/mg,较商业Pd/C催化剂提升了3倍。同时,Ir-N-C对CO毒化的耐受性大大增强,经过14000 s的长期测试后,其活性仅衰减68%,优于商业Pd/C催化剂（衰减85%）。并且,该催化剂能够简单有效的大批量制备,为单原子催化剂的大批量制备提供了新思路。     

简单柔性机械臂的构造性逆动力学方法

本文提出了适于简单柔性机械臂的一种基于谱分析的构造性逆动力学方法。数值模拟和实验结果表明，这种方法提供的开环输入力矩，不仅可以实现机械臂特定的刚体转动，而且可以有效地减弱柔性对机械臂精确定位的影响。